Shin splints cause pain along the front or inner part of the lower leg and are commonly seen in runners and athletes who increase training intensity too quickly. They often develop from repetitive stress, improper footwear, or poor running mechanics.

Muscle strains occur when a muscle or tendon is overstretched or torn, often during sudden movements or intense physical activity. These injuries can cause pain, weakness, swelling, and limited range of motion.

Sprains occur when ligaments that stabilize a joint are stretched or torn, often due to twisting or sudden impact. They commonly affect the ankle, knee, or wrist and may cause swelling, bruising, and joint instability.

Runner’s knee, also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome, causes pain around or behind the kneecap during activities like running, squatting, or climbing stairs. It is often related to muscle imbalances, poor alignment, or repetitive stress on the knee joint.

IT band syndrome occurs when the iliotibial band, a thick band of tissue along the outside of the thigh, becomes irritated from repetitive movement. This condition commonly causes pain on the outside of the knee, especially during running or cycling.

Achilles tendonitis causes pain and stiffness in the tendon that connects the calf muscles to the heel. It often develops in runners or athletes who increase training intensity, speed, or hills too quickly.

Plantar fasciitis causes pain along the bottom of the heel or foot and is common in runners and athletes who spend long periods on their feet. It occurs when the plantar fascia becomes irritated or inflamed due to overuse or poor foot mechanics.

Rotator cuff injuries affect the muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. These injuries often cause shoulder pain, weakness, and difficulty lifting or rotating the arm.

Stress fractures are small cracks in a bone caused by repetitive impact or overuse. They commonly occur in runners and athletes who place repeated stress on the legs and feet.